Biofuels issues and trends energy information administration. Improved cellulase and hemicellulase production economics via microbe or plantbased production systems. Biotechnology for biofuel production and optimization is the compilation of current research findings that cover the entire process of biofuels production from manipulation of genes and pathways to organisms and renewable feedstocks for efficient biofuel production as well as different cultivation techniques and process scaleup considerations. Biofuel is considered to be the most pure and the easiest available fuels on the planet.
The book looks at how biomass, specifically sugars, nonedible plant materials, and algae which. Global perspective on production of biotechnologybased bioenergy and major trends simonetta zarrilli. Zarwiea, ashik sathishb, and zhiyou wenc a north des moines high school, b agricultural and biosystems engineering iowa state university, and c food science and human nutrition iowa state university background. In this perspective we discuss the challenges and areas for improvement most pertinent for. Timelines for realization of scenarios one and two 2010204024 figure 7.
As demonstrated in the table below there is an exponential relationship between feedstock density and harvesttransportation costs. However, when it became apparent that algae are capable of much higher yields with lower resource inputs than other feedstock, many suggested that they be moved to. To protect the rights of the authors and publisher we inform you that this pdf is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the authors, editor. Sustainable development of algal biofuels in the united states.
Such feedstocks can be bred specifically for energy purposes, thereby enabling higher production. Harvesting and transportation costs are the single largest component of feedstock cost. Biofuels food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Most of the people would be very happy to know that most of the forms of biofuels can be easily manufactured even at in ones kitchen garden. To develop new strains with commercial potential, it is necessary to combine multiple genetic engineering approaches to optimize biofuel production. While the basic concept of using algae as an alternative and renewable source of biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored previously, a scalable, sustainable and commercially viable system has yet to emerge.
Also known as agrofuel, they are classified into gas, liquid and solid form derived from biomass. Biofuels production, trade and sustainable development. In 2009, brazils ethanol industry suffered severe setbacks as a result of a variety of factors. In the united states, expectation for the production of biofuels is 6 billion litter mandated by 2022, of which 61 million liter are made from cellulosic materials 6.
Biotechnology for biofuel production and optimization 1st. Technoeconomic assessment of biofuel production in the european union view thesis towards a sustainable biofuel trade. Terpenes are highenergy compounds produced in microbes and plants that could be used for producing biofuels. The world liquid biofuel production would increase from 1. Expanding biofuel production and the transition to advanced. Previously, algae were lumped in with second generation biofuels. Impacts of biofuel production on biodiversity in europe 2008 published by the european centre for nature conservation. New, simple technique may drive down biofuel production costs. Grass biofuel production does not need to divert any of the current agricultural productivity into the energy market.
Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy by midwest research institute battelle contract no. For a long term vision in energy domain, biofuel production is expected to replace certain natural fuel sources thanks to its abilities in preventing the dependence on fossil fuels, ensuring the constant supply and performing its environmental sustainability gouveia and oliveira, 2009. Overview of biofuel pathways a these include gasoline or diesel equivalents, syngas and hydrogen. First, second and third generation the 2nd generation biodiesel includes liquid fuels derived from jatrapha seed oil and from a catalytic conversion pro cess of synthetic gas from the gasification of biomass. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Current and estimated ethanol production in the united states. Production of biofuels from cellulose of woody biomass. Pdf cyanobacteria as a platform for biofuel production.
Future biotechnologybased developments in processing technology will likely include. It is proposed that biofuel production may be combined with nitrogenrich, municipal waste water and co 2 rich flue gas treatment to be more sustainable and costeffective. Enhancing terpene yields could lead to commercialscale production of these biofuels. The jatropha curcas species appears to be a particularly suitable source of biofuel as it already grows commonly in cambodia and has no other commercial value. Sugar crops natural oils from plants like oil palm, soybean, or algae, wood and its byproducts flaxseed, rapeseed primarily in europe. In argentina, the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of large scale biofuel production have been assessed for ethanol production from switchgrass sg. Unlike plants, many cyanobacteria are capable of fixing nitrogen n 2 to ammonia nh 3, a form which can be used for cellular processes.
Pyrolysis is conversion of biomass into biofuel, charcoal and gaseous fraction. Status and potential for the development of biofuels and. Although the financial condition of the ethanol industry has deteriorated during the last year, maintaining the producer payment program may have little effect on future ethanol production pp. Annie dufey, 2006, biofuels production, trade and sustainable development. It is also a very farmerfriendly way to get producers exposed to biofuel production. Biofuels and biological invasions 2009 submitted by the global invasive species programme, in response to notification 2008100. These basic characteristics of the feedstocks hold promise for lower feedstock costs and substantial energy and. Price, production, consumption and trade developments for ethanol and biodiesel are discussed.
Bioproducts to enable biofuels workshop summary report. The expansion of global biodiesel production will be driven by policies in place in. Production pathways to liquid fuels from biomass and, for comparison, from fossil. Secondgeneration biofuel dilution ratio particle size anaerobic digestion. H igh worldwide demand for energy, unstable and uncertain petroleum sources, and concern over global climate change have led to a resurgence in the development of. Biodiesel production technology august 2002january 2004 national renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard, golden, colorado 8040393 3032753000. Biotechnology for biofuels production aspen institute. Researchers at north carolina state university have developed a simple, effective and relatively inexpensive technique for removing lignin from the plant material used to. Bioenergy electricity and any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel that is produced through the processing of biomass 1 may provide an alternative to the expansion of fossil fuels consumption. Sustainable production of secondgeneration biofuels. Cyanobacteria have great potential as a platform for biofuel production because of their fast growth, ability to fix carbon dioxide gas, and their genetic tractability.
The term third generation biofuel has only recently enter the mainstream it refers to biofuel derived from algae. Bacteria as production organism genetic manipulation of cyanobacteria co2 emission from fossil fuel combustion also poses great threat to global. United states cornethanol production and fraction of corn crop devoted to ethanol. Studies have shown that fermentation and distilling of first generation biofuels create negative net energy. Algae and aquatic plants explores current investigations and application of the fields of biofuel production and bioengineering and considers from a global context the evolving processes of algal biofuel production. The use of cyanobacteria for biofuel production biofuels. Sugar cane growing regions and sugar beet growing areas 7 6. Technologies to produce liquid biofuels for transportation 3 figure 1. Research article production of second generation biofuel from. In the short term, conventional biofuel production processes in iea countries could help reduce oil use and thence greenhouse gas emissions, although the costs may be high.
First, second and third generation the 2nd generation biodiesel includes liquid fuels derived from jatrapha seed oil and from a catalytic conversion pro cess of. Jan 21, 2015 terpenes are highenergy compounds produced in microbes and plants that could be used for producing biofuels. Furthermore, we analyse the main assumptions, modelling approaches and results of the algal biofuel pathways, in terms of energy and greenhouse gas ghg emissions balances, considered in the lca literature. Biofuel presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. Global ethanol production is expected to expand modestly. Global perspective on production of biotechnologybased. A usda regional roadmap to meeting the biofuels goals of.
Pena 2008 biomass part of plants used conversion step products oilseed crops fats and oils chemical transesteri. Furthermore they do not require fermentable sugars or arable land for growth and so competition with cropland would be greatly reduced. Feb, 20 biofuels and biological invasions 2009 submitted by the global invasive species programme, in response to notification 2008100. Biofuel production by country, 2007 largescale production of biofuels from crops requires large land areas to grow them, which generates increasing competition for natural resources, notably land and water. Jan 07, 2014 researchers at north carolina state university have developed a simple, effective and relatively inexpensive technique for removing lignin from the plant material used to make biofuels, which may. In the longer term, possibly within the next decade, advances in biofuel production and the use of new feedstocks could lead to greater, more costeffective reductions. Usda biofuels strategic production report june 23, 2010 2 over the last 60 years, the percentage of the u. The material in this paper may be reproduced for noncommercial purposes provided full credit is given to the author and to iied. Tools and approaches for sustainable use of biofuels. The ethanol production from cyanobacteria is considered as a future fuel source due to the direct fuel molecule production from atmospheric co 2 nozzi et al. Introduction to biofuel university of california, berkeley. Enhancing microbial pathways for biofuel production.
Biofuel from microalgae can be processed by using thermochemical and biochemical conversion. Global share of biofuels production 200717 figure 6. Biofuel production through yeast fermentation objectives the objectives of this lab exercise are for you to. From 19 million tonnes oil equivalent mtoe in 2005, biofuel production could increase to 102 mtoe or even 164 mtoe in 2030 if all measures and policies currently under discussion are implemented. By using gasification process thermochemical, the biomass produces ch 2, h 2, co 2 and ammonia. Technologies to produce liquid biofuels for transportation.
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